Challenges for Future Residents

Earth’s climate has changed shifted over time. There have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat in the previous 650,000 years, with the abrupt end of the last ice age at 11,700 years ago marking the start of the modern climate era. Given the size and tremendous heat capacity of the global seas, even a slight increase in Earth’s average yearly surface temperature requires a massive quantity of heat energy. Although the 2-degree increase in world average surface temperature during the pre-industrial era (1880–1901) may appear insignificant, it represents a substantial increase in collected heat. The extra heat is causing regional and seasonal temperature extremes, as well as reducing snow cover and sea ice, intensifying heavy rainfall, and shifting plant and animal habitat ranges, with some expanding and others shrinking.

Extreme weather and population vulnerability are most likely to have a negative influence on human health. Communities that are most exposed (e.g., floodplains and coastal zones) and have the fewest technical and social resources are the most vulnerable. The health impacts of extreme weather events include physical injury; poorer nutritional status, especially in children; increases in respiratory and diarrheal diseases due to overcrowding of flood survivors and limited access to potable water; increased risk of water-related diseases due to disruption of water supply or sewage systems; and release of dangerous chemicals from storage sites and waste disposal sites into flood waters.

But it is critical to remember the equally vital contributions that can be made by citizens. The objective is simple, worst enemy of our climate is carbon dioxide. When oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy, the energy that powers our houses, cars, and smartphones, carbon dioxide is released. We can reduce our individual impact to climate change while simultaneously saving money by using less of it.
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